sumivo

Sumivo · Converters

Energy Converter

Convert through one Joule (SI) baseline and round only the displayed value.

01 / CONVERT ENERGY

3600

CONVERTED VALUE

1 kWh = 3600 kJ

Conversion constant: 1 kWh = 3600 kJ

Converted value
3600 kJ
Baseline (J)
3600000 J

Calculation trace

  1. 1 kWh → J
    3600000 J
    Normalise to base unit
  2. 3,600,000 J → kJ
    3600 kJ
    Convert to target unit
SOURCERELATIONCONVERTED
1 kWh=3600 kJ
5 kWh=18000 kJ
10 kWh=36000 kJ
25 kWh=90000 kJ
100 kWh=360000 kJ

Maintained by Jack Shi

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How it works

The input is normalised to the normalization unit (J) using fixed NIST SP 811 conversion factors, then converted to the target unit. Same-unit conversions return the input exactly.

Assumptions & limits

  • SI prefixes, watt-hours and thermochemical calories use defined factors. BTU and foot-pound factors are stored as finite decimal approximations where needed.
  • Calculations use JavaScript double-precision floating-point arithmetic, which can introduce small rounding errors; display formatting may round further.

Verified runs

Synthetic examples executed at build revision 24533ff on . Cards round decimal results to 6 significant figures; matching uses full precision and the tolerance below. Matches cover the displayed fields, not every possible input or clinical or engineering validation.

  • Inputs: Value: 1 kWh; From unit: kWh; To unit: kJ

    Result: Value: 3600 kJ (expected Value: 3600 kJ) ✓

  • Inputs: Value: 0 kWh; From unit: kWh; To unit: kJ

    Result: Value: 0 kJ (expected Value: 0 kJ) ✓

  • Inputs: Value: 1 BTU; From unit: BTU; To unit: J

    Result: Value: 1055.06 J (expected Value: 1055.06 J) ✓

How these runs were checked

Method: energy-linear@1.0.1. Expectations come from the listed test fixtures or hand arithmetic; they are not copied from these executions. Omitted optional inputs use the method defaults. Run dates record execution, not expert review or fresh measurements.

Download all verified runs (JSON) — full inputs, returned values, expectations, timestamps and buildRevision.

  • normal: . Absolute tolerance: 5e-7. Text and booleans match exactly. Full-precision result: Value: 3600 kJ. Expected: Value: 3600 kJ. Expectation: packages/calculator-core/tests/energy-converter.test.ts
  • boundary: . Absolute tolerance: 0. Text and booleans match exactly. Full-precision result: Value: 0 kJ. Expected: Value: 0 kJ. Expectation: Hand arithmetic: 0 kWh × the finite conversion factor = 0 kJ.
  • sensitivity: . Absolute tolerance: 5e-7. Text and booleans match exactly. Full-precision result: Value: 1055.05585262 J. Expected: Value: 1055.05585262 J. Expectation: packages/calculator-core/tests/energy-converter.test.ts

Reproduce from the source checkout with pnpm --filter @sumivo/web gen:verified-runs. A rebuild changes execution times; the revision identifies its Git starting point, including any uncommitted changes made for that build.

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FAQ

Why convert through a base unit?
Normalising every unit to J first means one small, checkable factor table covers every from/to pair with floating-point rounding possible.
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SOURCES